AMPATH Lab: Focused Vs Comprehensive Testing

Genetic Testing for Cancer: Focused vs. Comprehensive Panels

Cancer genetic testing has become a vital tool in modern oncology, helping patients and healthcare providers make informed decisions about prevention, management, and treatment. When evaluating your cancer risk, you’ll typically encounter two main genetic testing options: focused panels and comprehensive panels. Understanding the difference is essential for choosing the test that best suits your individual needs.

Genetic testing analyzes your DNA to identify mutations that may increase cancer risk or influence treatment decisions. The choice between focused and comprehensive testing depends on your medical history, family history, cancer type, and overall healthcare goals.

What is Focused Genetic Panel Testing?

Focused panels examine a limited set of genes—usually between 5 to 30—that are strongly associated with a particular cancer type or syndrome.

Key characteristics of focused panels:

Analyze genes with strong evidence linking them to specific cancers
Lower cost and quicker test results
Clear, actionable results with established clinical guidelines
Best for individuals with strong family history of one cancer type

For example, a focused breast cancer panel typically examines BRCA1, BRCA2, and genes like PALB2, CHEK2, and ATM.

What is Comprehensive Genetic Panel Testing?

Comprehensive panels analyze dozens to hundreds of genes at once. These tests offer broad insight into the genetic risk for many types of cancers.

Key characteristics of comprehensive panels:

Screen for mutations across multiple cancer types
Identify unexpected genetic risks not obvious from family history
Provide a more complete hereditary cancer risk profile
May detect findings in genes not originally considered

A comprehensive panel may include genes linked to breast, ovarian, colorectal, pancreatic, melanoma, and other cancers.

Comparing the Two Approaches

Scope of Testing

Focused panels work well when symptoms or family history point to a specific hereditary cancer syndrome. Comprehensive panels are ideal when:

Family history includes multiple types of cancers
The inheritance pattern is unclear
You want a broader risk assessment

Clinical Utility

Focused panels generally provide straightforward, clinically actionable results. Comprehensive panels offer broader insights but may identify more Variants of Uncertain Significance (VUS), which do not have clear medical guidance.

Cost Considerations

Focused panels usually cost less, but the price gap has narrowed with improved technology. Insurance coverage varies and is often based on personal or family history.

Time to Results

Both types typically return results within 2 to 4 weeks, depending on the lab.

When to Choose Each Option

Focused Panels Are Ideal When:

You have a strong family history of one specific cancer type
Genetic counseling suggests certain genes to evaluate
You want to confirm or rule out a specific hereditary syndrome
Cost or insurance is a concern
You want to avoid uncertain findings

Comprehensive Panels Are Suitable When:

Your family history involves multiple cancers
You have limited information about your family history
A focused panel was previously negative but suspicion remains
You want a detailed, broad cancer risk assessment
There are unexplained or complex cancer diagnoses in the family

Role of Genetic Counseling

No matter which testing method you choose, genetic counseling is essential. A certified genetic counselor will:

Review personal and family medical history
Explain test options, benefits, and limitations
Interpret test results and explain their implications
Discuss how results may impact family members

Counseling is recommended both before and after testing.

Understanding Your Results

Positive: A mutation is detected; your care team creates a personalized management plan.
Negative: No mutation detected; routine cancer screening still applies.
Variant of Uncertain Significance (VUS): Genetic change detected, but its significance is unclear; no action is taken until more research emerges.

Making Your Decision

Selecting between focused and comprehensive panels involves evaluating:

Your personal and family cancer history
Potential impact of results on treatment or prevention
Your readiness for uncertain findings
Cost and insurance coverage
Benefits for family members

Conclusion

Genetic testing for cancer is a powerful tool that supports personalized healthcare. Whether you choose a focused or comprehensive panel, the ultimate goal is the same: empowering you with knowledge to make informed decisions about your health.

If you’re considering genetic testing, a consultation with a genetic counselor can guide you toward the best option for your situation. At AMPATH Labs, we offer both focused and comprehensive testing panels with accurate, timely results and strict confidentiality.