AMPATH Lab: Diagnostic Tests For Bloodborne Viruses

Diagnostic Tests for Bloodborne Viruses

Bloodborne viruses like hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV are serious infections that can cause permanent liver damage, liver cancer, or even death. Unfortunately, many people who have these viruses don't know it because they don't have any symptoms. This is why diagnostic tests are so important. If you're at risk of bloodborne viruses or simply want to stay informed about your health, read on to learn more about the different types of tests available.

Antibody Tests
Antibodies are proteins that your body produces in response to a virus infection. An antibody test looks for these proteins in your blood to determine if you've been exposed to a specific virus. This type of test is most useful for people who are at risk of bloodborne viruses but haven't experienced any symptoms.

Antigen Tests
Antigens are foreign substances that trigger an immune response in your body. An antigen test detects the presence of viral antigens in your blood, which means that you're currently infected. This type of test is more accurate than an antibody test for detecting an acute infection.

Nucleic Acid Tests
Nucleic acid tests (NAT) are the most sensitive and specific tests for detecting bloodborne viruses. They look for the virus's genetic material (RNA or DNA) in your blood. This type of test is most often used to confirm a positive result on an antigen or antibody test or to detect the virus in people who are at high risk of infection.

Point-of-care Tests
Point-of-care tests (POCT) are rapid diagnostic tests that can be performed outside a laboratory setting. They're used to detect the presence of antibodies or antigens in a small sample of blood, urine, or saliva. While POCTs are convenient and cost-effective, they may not be as sensitive or specific as laboratory tests.

Combination Tests
Combination tests are tests that can detect multiple bloodborne viruses simultaneously. For example, a combination test for hepatitis B and C can detect both viruses' antigens and antibodies in a single blood sample. These tests are especially useful for people who are at high risk of multiple infections.

Conclusion:
Diagnostic tests for bloodborne viruses play a critical role in early detection and treatment of these infections. If you're at risk of bloodborne viruses, speak to your healthcare provider about which tests are recommended for you. Remember that while diagnostic tests are essential, they don't replace regular check-ups and screening tests. Practicing safe sex and blood precautions is the best way to prevent the spread of bloodborne viruses. Stay informed and stay healthy!