Indications for Bone Marrow Examination in Haematology
Bone marrow examination is a vital diagnostic procedure used by haematologists to diagnose and treat several blood-related disorders. It is a simple and safe procedure in which a tiny amount of bone marrow is extracted from the hipbone or breastbone. The bone marrow sample is then examined under a microscope to determine if there is any abnormality in the blood cells. The procedure plays a significant role in diagnosing blood disorders such as anaemia, leukaemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and many more.
Anaemia
A decrease in the red blood cell count is a common symptom of anaemia. It causes fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath. There are many types of anaemia, with different causes. If the cause of anaemia is not apparent, then a bone marrow examination is recommended to diagnose the underlying disease. Haematological malignancies, such as acute leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndromes, can cause unexplained anaemia. In these cases, bone marrow examination can help to diagnose the condition.
Leukocytosis or Thrombocytopenia
Leukocytosis is a condition in which there is an increased number of white blood cells in the blood. Thrombocytopenia is a condition in which there is a low platelet count in the blood. Both of these conditions can be indicative of a serious underlying condition, including leukaemia, lymphoma, or myelofibrosis. A bone marrow examination is essential to determine the underlying cause of these conditions.
Persistent Fever of Unknown Origin
Fever is a common symptom of several blood disorders. If a patient has a persistent fever of unknown origin, it can be an indication of a blood disorder, such as an infection or malignancy. In such cases, a bone marrow examination can help to diagnose the underlying condition.
Confirmed or Suspected Blood Cancer
A bone marrow examination is a vital diagnostic procedure for patients diagnosed with or suspected of having blood cancer. The examination helps to determine the type and stage of cancer, which in turn determines the best treatment option for the patient.
Follow-up Care
After the diagnosis of a blood disorder, a bone marrow examination is performed during follow-up care to determine the effectiveness of the treatment. The examination helps to monitor the progress of the treatment and determine if more aggressive treatment options are required.
Conclusion
In conclusion, a bone marrow examination plays a significant role in the diagnosis of several blood disorders, including leukaemia, anaemia, and lymphoma, among others. It is an invaluable diagnostic tool for haematologists and can help to determine the underlying cause of some of the rarest and most severe blood disorders. If you are seeking diagnosis or follow-up care for a blood disorder, please speak with your haematologist about the indications for a bone marrow examination.
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